Biologicals are a class of medicines made from living cells taken from plants, animals or bacteria. These cells are use in creating many types of health care products, including vaccines. This group of medicines also includes products derived from human blood and plasma for the treatment of many life-threatening diseases and for surgical procedures.
This fourth edition of the manual builds on the risk assessment framework introduced in the third edition. A thorough, evidence-based and transparent assessment of the risks allows safety measures to be balanced with the actual risk of working with biological agents on a case-by-case basis.
Gender interacts with but is different from sex, which refers to the different biological and physiological characteristics of females, males and intersex persons, such as chromosomes, hormones and reproductive organs.
The catalogue of international reference standards for biological products is updated following the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization meetings. See below for the catalogue, listed in alphabetical order and includes additional information.
Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.” (WHO, 2006a) There is a growing consensus that sexual health cannot be achieved and maintained without respect for, and protection of, certain human rights.
Food and water are the major sources of exposure to both chemical and biological hazards. They impose a substantial health risk to consumers and economic burdens on individuals, communities and nations. Microorganisms such as salmonella, campylobacter, E. coli O157, listeria, cholera.
The WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) was established in 1947 to provide detailed recommendations and guidelines for the manufacturing, licensing and control of blood products and related in vitro diagnostic tests, biotechnology products and vaccines along with the establishment of WHO Biological Reference Materials. The ECBS meets on an annual basis and reports ...