The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani (/ ˈroʊməni / ROH-mə-nee or / ˈrɒməni / ROM-ə-nee), colloquially known as the Roma (sg.: Rom), are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.
Romani immigrants began to voluntarily settle in North and South America in the 19th century. In the present, Romani communities are found throughout the world. Romani people share language and certain cultural similarities but encompass a wide range of social, cultural, and ethnic diversity.
Colloquially, and rather insultingly, known as 'gypsies', the history and culture of the Romani people is surrounded by stereotypes and misnomers, none more damningly pervasive than Esméralda from the Hunchback of Notre Dame.
The Real History of the Romani People and the Misnomer of Gypsies
Currently, the Romani people are found worldwide, mainly concentrated in Europe, with an approximate population of 10 to 12 million. Small Romani populations are also found in the Middle East, the Caucasus region, and North and South Americas.
Romani language showcases a variety of dialects influenced by the regions where Romani communities have resided. Regional languages have left an imprint on the Romani language, enriching its vocabulary and syntax.
In this way, we can define the boundaries of the population that one might refer to collectively as Roma or Romani. The Romani language is the most ob-vious indicator of the origin of the Romani population.
The origins of the Romani people, commonly known as the Roma, have long intrigued scholars and historians. Recent advancements in genetic, linguistic, and historical research have substantially elucidated the roots and migratory patterns of this enigmatic group.